First, the planning principle

The characteristics of the laboratory work of the physical and chemical laboratory should create a safe, comfortable and beautified laboratory working environment. The office area is separated from the experimental area, that is, the uncontrolled area and the controlled area are formed. The functional areas of the physical and chemical laboratory mainly include: sample pretreatment area, chemical analysis room, instrument analysis area, auxiliary room such as reagent room and washing room.

A. The office area is separated from the experimental area;

B. The sample processing room is separated from the instrument analysis room;

C. Different types of instrument rooms that may interfere with each other are to be separated from the room;

D, different types of sample processing rooms should be separated;

E, the organic room is separated from the inorganic reagent room;

F, combustible gas and non-flammable gas are separated;

G. The power used by the instrument is separated from other electricity;

H. Instruments of the same type that do not cause interference can be designed in the same room;

I. Instruments that require gas supply should be concentrated as much as possible;

Following the above planning principles is conducive to environmental sanitation, preventing laboratories of different nature from interfering with each other, facilitating the smooth progress of different analytical tests and saving investment.

Second, the laboratory layout

1 Introduction

The sample processing chamber should be placed on one side of the corridor as much as possible and in the downwind direction. The same kind of instruments should be concentrated as much as possible; the instrument that needs to supply gas should be as close as possible to the gas room; there should be a channel behind the instrument table; a data processing station should be provided. The auxiliary area includes: reagent room, washing room, gas supply room, balance room, standard product room, sample room, etc., which are generally designed at two ends of the corridor.

2. Entrance and exit

Video surveillance devices should be installed at the entrance and exit; computer and room and valuable equipment, equipment laboratory should be equipped with access control devices; storage and use of highly toxic and dangerous chemicals test rooms and storage rooms should be provided with access control devices and video control devices.

3, furniture location

There are experimental benches such as central station, side table, reagent cabinet, utensil cabinet, water tray and refrigerator. The experimental furniture should be made of acid and alkali resistant and organic solvent resistant materials, and arranged according to the size of the space. It is easy to operate and people-oriented.

4, work surface

The instrumentation laboratory of the physics and chemistry laboratory generally requires a width of about 1 meter and a height of 0.8 meters. The length depends on the length of the instrument. The instrument must leave a 0.5-1.0 meter channel away from the wall. The instrument station is equipped with a power socket and network as needed. Interface gas outlets, etc. The table top should be made of acid and alkali resistant, organic solvent resistant materials such as epoxy countertops.

5, wall and ground

The floor of the laboratory should be non-slip, corrosion resistant and easy to clean. The wall is sprayed with latex paint.

6, hand washing equipment

There should be a sink in the laboratory, and the space allows for a washing room.

7, access control

Laboratory access control can be set up electronic access control system, barrier door, barrier cabinet, warning line and warning signs.

Third, air conditioning

1 Introduction

The laboratory requires suitable temperature and humidity. The indoor microclimate, including temperature, humidity and airflow speed, has an impact on the personnel and equipment working in the laboratory. There should be good ventilation and air conditioning should be provided if necessary. Ventilation equipment: fume hoods, hoods or local ventilation.

2, detox cabinet

Ventilation and detoxification: The ventilation and detoxification devices used in the treatment room mainly include detoxification cabinets and universal exhaust hoods, all of which have formed products for selection. The design of detoxification cabinets and universal exhaust hoods should be reasonable, and it is necessary to consider the convenience of operation. Consider energy saving, you can't just ask for more.

Detox cabinet: Set the faucet, gas cork, power socket and other equipment as needed in the detox cabinet. The control of the detoxification cabinet is: separate control means that each fan controls one detoxification cabinet. The advantage is that in this exhaust system, the single airflow does not interact with other airflows, and the fan shutdown only affects one fume hood, but Higher costs and maintenance difficulties, too much space for the pipeline; only for small laboratories with few fume hoods. Centralized control means that one fan controls multiple detoxification cabinets, which can be controlled centrally by the room, or can be used as a centralized control for detoxification, which is suitable for larger laboratories. If the fan is equipped with a frequency conversion device, the panel can be closed when the detoxification cabinet is not in use, which can reduce energy consumption.

Universal exhaust hood: The universal exhaust hood should be mainly placed on the operation surface for local exhaust. The universal exhaust hood has a small amount of exhaust air, and is generally controlled by a centralized control. The frequency converter is installed, and the air outlet is not closed on the universal cover, so that the frequency of the fan can be reduced to achieve the purpose of power saving.

The detoxification cabinet and the exhaust hood exhaust the indoor air every minute. For the room that cannot open the window, the fresh air device should be used. Generally, the fresh air supplemented by the new fan accounts for 90% of the exhaust, and the remaining 10% pass. The door joints are added to create a micro-negative environment to prevent toxic substances in the room from running out.

3, the instrument local exhaust

The detoxification device for the instrument room and the fixed exhaust hood and universal exhaust hood. A fixed exhaust hood is required together with an atomic absorption spectrometer, an atomic fluorescence spectrometer, and a gas chromatograph. The universal cover is mainly used to remove the volatile liquid and exhaust gas from the liquid phase of the liquid chromatography; and to remove the volatile gas discharged from the sample chamber. The control of the detoxification hood can refer to the processing room, control the fixed hood with one fan, control the universal hood with one fan, and install the inverter to save energy. At the same time, it is necessary to use a supplemental fresh air device, and the supplemented air is filtered and then enters the room to ensure the cleanliness of the instrument room.

Fourth, protection, health, safety, health

1 Introduction

Physical and chemical laboratories shall be equipped with detoxification cabinets, universal exhaust hoods, eye washes, emergency showers and other detoxification and emergency cleaning devices.

2, emergency eye wash and emergency shower

The sample processing room often uses a large amount of acid and alkali and organic solvents. If it is drained to the eyes or the body, it must be rinsed immediately. Therefore, the treatment room must be equipped with corresponding shower equipment, such as single eye wash, binocular eye wash and whole body. Showers, etc.

3, gas

The types of gases used in physical and chemical laboratories are: nitrogen, helium, argon, air, hydrogen, acetylene, etc. Air hydrogen is commonly used as a gas source generator to meet the requirements of use, nitrogen, helium, argon, acetylene. It is supplied by a compressed steel cylinder. The liquid-mass spectrometer needs to be supplied with a liquid nitrogen tank. The ICP-MS requires a liquid argon tank for gas supply. At present, the method of centralized gas supply is adopted, that is, all kinds of gas cylinders are collected together, and the gas is sent to the use point through the pipeline, which has the advantages of being safe and easy to manage.

4, fire prevention

Most laboratories require fire resistance. The wires, lighting, sockets, etc. in the laboratory should be designed according to explosion-proof.